Rhyme And Rythm in Blakes A Divine Image Essay -- Blake Divine Image

Rhyme And Rythm in Blake's A Divine Image In A Divine Image, Blake utilizes a few methods and artistic gadgets, to transmit his musings about social shamefulness, mercilessness and human instinct, Rhyme and musicality are two of the fundamental highlights in this sonnet this sonnet is the cadence influence the entire state of mind, tone and significance of the sonnet. The artist has picked various techniques to give the sonnet explicit sounds that influence the pace and structure of the cadence. The structure of the principal refrain causes us comprehend the connections between the four parts of human instinct introduced, cold-bloodedness, envy, dread and mystery. The first and third lines start with the fundamental word, while in the second and fourth ones the words come went before by And. This causes the peruser to associate savagery with fear and envy with mystery consequently. We can see that the pressure of the lines in this first verse falls onto the principle word, giving an accentuating impact. In contrast to numerous other Blake sonnets, for example, The Tyger or The Lamb we can't discover rhyming couplets in this verse, however the rhyming and focusing on impact is sufficient for the peruser to integrate the thoughts. This impact is fortified by the redundancy of human in each line and the reiteration of the y finishing sounds in lines one, two and four. The structure of the subsequent refrain varies from the structure of the first. We notice that every one of the lines give an answer in a balanced path to every one in the primary s...

The United States Supreme Court Marbury v Madison

Presentation The instance of Marbury v Madison 5 U.S 137 (1830) is one of the most outstanding cases in the United States. Throughout the years, researchers have introduced shifting perspectives concerning the legitimacy of legal survey as one of the jobs of the Supreme Court and its impact on partition of forces between the legal executive and congress.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on The United States Supreme Court: Marbury v Madison explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Justice Robert H. Jackson underscores the issue that the legal survey process makes by giving the legal executive capacity to invalidate laws passed by the delegate body of the administration in this manner restricting the intensity of the dominant part to oversee the nation. Then again, legal audit gives a road through which the legal executive gives governing rules to the lawmaking body, consequently guaranteeing adherence of laws to the constitution. Constitution creators in th e United States pick the constrained dominant part rule choice as their favored philosophy. This paper investigates contentions by Lawrence Baum and Timothy Johnson on the legitimacy of this decision. The creators talk about issues with respect to the dynamic procedure in the Supreme Court and its impacts on authoritative arrangements. As I would see it, constrained lion's share rule benefits all parts of government just as the individuals that the foundations serve. It additionally guarantees that individuals from congress establish strategies that address the necessities of the American culture rather than individual needs of the administrators, subsequently making it the better choice of the two decisions as clarified in this paper. Contentions on the side of restricted lion's share rule Lawrence Baum in his book, The preeminent Court, clarifies that the one of the fundamental issues creating debate with in regards to the job of the Supreme Court is the way that the job concedes the court the capacity to invalidate laws made by congress. With all due respect of the usage of legal audit, he causes to notice a qualification between the desire of the dominant part concerning the general public and the desire of the lion's share regarding the individuals from the lawmaking body. He expresses that the greater part of the researchers who present suppositions against legal audit frequently neglect the distinction between the two ideas of the term larger part in their investigation of circumstances. As he would like to think, rules that neglect to conform to the sacred arrangements frequently speak to the desire of the greater part as far as individuals from the lawmaking body and note with reference with the American individuals (Baum 32). He states further that in situations when the desire of both the general public and individuals from Congress is clear the Supreme Court regularly allows its help through its decisions.Advertising Looking for paper on establishe d law? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, during occurrences when it is obvious that the desire of the greater part just speaks to the desire of the agents of the individuals and not simply the individuals, the legal audit makes an edge where the courts can ensure the premiums of the American individuals by restricting the intensity of the dominant part (Baum 38). On account of Marbury v Madison, the court gave its purpose behind excusal of the appeal as repugnancy of the resolution, which gave the premise to the request. For the situation, President John Adams selected William Marbury Justice of the Peace for the District of Columbia. It was the obligation of the Secretary of State at that point, James Madison, to convey the commission to Marbury. Notwithstanding, Madison wouldn't convey the commission, accordingly inciting Marbury to appeal to the Supreme Court looking for requests to compel Madison to convey the commi ssion in spite of the fact that the court found that Madison acted unlawfully by neglecting to convey the commission, it eventually managed against Marbury. he court found that the arrangement of the Judiciary Act, under which Marbury had requested, was illegal as it broadened the court’s unique ward set up under Article III of the constitution. The article built up the legal branch just as forces the branch should work out. The court excused the request and clarified that it had no commitment to submit to a resolution made by Congress that made arrangements in opposition to those of the constitution. Boss Justice John Marshall saw the arrangements of the rule as disgusting and in this way prohibited in deciding the case. An examination of the case with Baum’s contention on the substance comprising the larger part uncovers that legal audit for this situation restricted the standard of the individuals from Congress as opposed to the American individuals. Baum shields th e confinement of greater part rule for this situation by expressing that the court additionally assumes the job of safeguarding the respectability of the constitution as a major aspect of its execution. As indicated by Baum, the constitution frames the basic law that lays ground for the age of the remainder of the laws in any general public. In his investigation of the issue, he includes that the constitution speaks to the crucial approaches that characterize a general public and oversee its reality. Along these lines, whatever other strategies that neglect to consent to the arrangements of the constitution flop in their portrayal of the dominant part (Baum 60). In his viewpoint along these lines, invalidation of such resolutions by courts brings about the insurance of the desire of the individuals instead of its impediments. As per this legitimization, legal survey limits lion's share rule in occasions when the greater part is an element other than the American open and is conseque ntly legitimate.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on The United States Supreme Court: Marbury v Madison explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the contentions that officials have progressed against this point of view of the dominant part decide is that the assembly goes about as an agent element of the individuals in government and in this manner the sculptures it sanctions speak to the desire of the individuals. Baum explains that despite the fact that the council speaks to its electorates, the choices singular individuals from Congress make are in some cases demonstrative of individual interests and conflict with the protected arrangements. He demands that the court’s command with respect to legal audit works essentially as per the lawfulness of a rule (Baum 65). Another contention that a few researchers advance against the confinement of lion's share decide is that courts utilize legal audit to direct laws and make open doors for t he making of different laws ideal for the establishment. This contention stems out of the reason that a portion of the strategies that the legal executive uses to decipher rules permit it to violate its command and accept the intensity of the lawmaking body. Such researchers note that one of the protections the legal executive gives for such activity is the nonappearance of authoritative arrangements on certain issues and unclearness in others. They include that by constraining the larger part rule, the courts support the determination of such insufficiencies and therefore make a domain that permits them to ‘create’ laws through case law and control the bearing wherein Congress makes laws. For example Timothy Johnson, creator of Oral Arguments and Decision Making in the United States Supreme Court, makes reference to the use of points of reference as one of the strategies judges of the Supreme Court apply when deciphering resolutions and deciding. He clarifies that the use of the rule of points of reference on the off chance that law requires judges of the Supreme Court to consider choices the court has made previously, showing comparable realities under comparative conditions. As a rule, legal advisors additionally utilize this standard to help their cases and make convincing contentions (Johnson 43). In spite of the fact that the contention bears some reality, it is basic to welcome that legal audit looks for not to shorten the capacity of the governing body to make laws, yet it just forestalls the utilization of repulsive resolutions because of their illegality. Johnson clarifies that despite the fact that the Supreme Court here and there puts together a portion of its choices with respect to case law, it by and large considers different elements including legal law.Advertising Searching for exposition on sacred law? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More He includes that case law frequently serves to clear questions with respect to the use of certain legal arrangements in situations where the arrangements bear more than one significance (Johnson 52). Baum’s commitment with respect to the utilization of case law in dynamic is that it makes some consistency and disposes of the chance of conflicting use of the law by the Supreme Court. Truth be told, the component of consistency in the use of case law makes the definition of legal laws simpler as it permits administrators to spot holes in authoritative arrangements and roll out suitable improvements, intrinsically. He accentuates that the Supreme Court can't make laws and subsequently depends on the contribution of Congress in redressing legal deficiencies (Baum 72). In situations where Congress neglects to recognize such holes in enactment, the courts keep on utilizing case law. It is likewise critical to take note of that the initiation of case law pertinent as points of refere nce consistently depends on existing laws. Any considerable adjustment in the legal arrangements on which such case law is established evokes definition of new case law, which consolidates the present changes. The old cases just serve to convince the court on purposes of law. End It is significant that the judiciary’s capacity to invalidate laws passed by Congress just rushes to the degree of the illegality of such laws. This arrangement guarantees that the legal executive likewise remains inside its order and doesn't stretch out its command to incorporate creation laws through objection to laws that don't engage the institution’s int

Blog Archive B-School Chart of the Week How Many Candidates Plan to Change Careers

Blog Archive B-School Chart of the Week How Many Candidates Plan to Change Careers Although quantifying a school’s profile certainly does not tell you everything, it can sometimes be helpful in simplifying the many differences between the various MBA programs. Each week, we bring you a chart to help you decide which of the schools’ strengths speak to you. We recently asked aspiring MBAs to answer a variety of survey questions about their business school prospects and perspectives. Now the results are in, and for those who are curious about their fellow applicants’ views on business school, we will be sharing some of the collected data in our B-School Chart of the Week blog series. Earning an MBA can serve as a springboard for launching a new career, or it may simply give you a leg up in advancing along your current path. In addition, many candidates enter business school with a concrete goal in mind, while others take the opportunity to explore career alternatives. A total of 110 applicantsâ€"32 of whom were international and 78 of whom were from the United Statesâ€"responded to our question “Do you plan to return to your pre-business school industry after graduation, or will you change careers?” Of those, an even 50.0% of all respondents and of each group analyzed individually said that they planned to change careers. The notable difference between the two groups was that the U.S. candidates more often responded “unsure” than did the international candidates. Only 15.6% of international candidates expressed uncertainty, compared with 32.1% of U.S. respondents. As some of our other informal survey data have indicated, this difference may suggest that international applicants approach the idea of attending business school with a more defined concept of where they want to go and what they want to do, whereas U.S. applicants perhaps view business school as more of an open opportunity. Share ThisTweet B-School Charts

Euthanasia Should Not Be Legal - 1520 Words

Euthanasia or commonly known as Physician-Assisted Suicide is defined as the painless killing of a patient who is suffering from an incurable and painful disease or is in an irreversible coma. It is an act that speeds up death. Some people consider euthanasia to be a mercy killing and others consider it to be murder. This practice is illegal in most countries. In the United States, however, six states have legalized physician-assisted suicide even though most states, 44 to be more specific, have considered euthanasia to be illegal. Physicians should not be allowed to assist patients with killing themselves. Euthanasia should not be legal to practice in any state because it can lead to situations we haven’t anticipated. There are several†¦show more content†¦People who support the practice of euthanasia typically use two types of argument: ethical argument and pragmatic argument. The ethical argument says that people have the right to control their own body and life, t hat they should be allowed to choose how and when they want to die because they have freedom of choice. According to NHS choices, â€Å"The concept of ‘quality of life’ is an important aspect of this argument† (â€Å"Euthanasia and assisted suicide – Arguments†). This argument basically says that someone should only choose to keep living if they feel like their life is worth it; they don’t regard life as being something that is sacred and important. On the other hand, the pragmatic argument says that euthanasia, specifically passive euthanasia, is already being used and practiced, but no one will admit to it. With this argument, many people have said that DNACPR (Do Not Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation), which is where someone doesn’t want to be given treatment if they stop breathing or their heart stops, is a type of passive euthanasia. Palliative sedation is also used as evidence for the pragmatic argument. Palliative sedation i s used on people who are in enormous pain and have no helpful treatment. It is not used directly to end someone’s life, but the sedatives used do help with speeding up their death. The pragmatic argument argues that since euthanasia is already being used in forms likeShow MoreRelatedEuthanasia Should Not Be Legal1683 Words   |  7 PagesEuthanasia is derived from the Greek, â€Å"eu† meaning good, and â€Å"thanatos† translating to death, together the word makes â€Å"good death†. A person who is terminally ill often goes through excruciating pain and suffering. Ultimately, the right to euthanize a terminally ill patient should be legal across the nation because that person doesn’t see an end to their anguish, so they wish to turn to euthanasia. Euthanasia frees the patient’s body and mind, lets them die with dignity, and their loved ones don’tRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal? Essay1449 Words   |  6 Pages Euthanasia: T he Right to Die Euthanasia is a concept that has been around for a very long time. It has been practiced since ancient Greece. We all have different opinions towards it; some of us might be for it and others against it. In most parts of the world Euthanasia is illegal. Many countries have denied the right to euthanasia, but is that fair and ethical? It is the painless killing of a patient’s agony from an incurable and painful disease. Euthanasia should be legal. SomeoneRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal?1387 Words   |  6 Pagesunexpectedly† (Wpadmin). This shows that many people show aversion towards euthanasia and would not want themselves to be euthanized. Euthanasia occurs when someone is suffering from a painful or incurable disease and they prefer to die. It is done by taking them off of life support or not giving them essential supplies to live such as food, medications, oxygen, and more. There are countless debates of whether or not euthanasia should be legal, and whethe r or not it benefits people. Some countries allow itRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal?1061 Words   |  5 PagesDetermining Euthanasia Millions of precious lives have been deliberately taken throughout the world due to the new Euthanasia Law. Euthanasia is the practicing of assisted suicide, due to terminally ill patients or depression. The practicing has just been legalized September 2015, and will be put into effect in California January 1 2016. Although, it is still being argued if adolescents should have the right fro this and if it’s morally correct all together. Euthanasia should be illegalRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal?1919 Words   |  8 Pages Euthanasia is a widely debated topic of the 21st century. Many places have legalized it, others refuse to even talk about the subject. However, more and more people are wanting their right to die to be recognized while others fight back against that right. A lot has to go into the backing and thinking about euthanasia, beginning with the different types that there are. After that, you would have to look at both sides to analyze why it would be a good practice to have, or a bad one. ManyRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal?1311 Words   |  6 Pageshave used euthanasia, or physician assisted suicide. They used it with the purpose of releasing their soul and the pain that they could not endure any longer. Euthanasia is a process provided by the medical system today that involves active and passive euthanasia. Physician assisted suicide is spreading across the world, and people are using it legally. In the U.S, euthanasia has been legalized in some states so people are trying t o take advantage of it. Many people have used euthanasia so they wouldRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal?1360 Words   |  6 PagesOwadara Adedamola ENG 101 Prof. Skeen 24 November 2015 Legalizing Euthanasia â€Å"Euthanasia is defined as conduct that brings about an easy and painless death for persons suffering from an incurable or painful disease or condition† (Muckart, et al 259). Euthanasia, also dying with dignity, is the practice of the termination of a terminally ill person s life in order to relieve them of their suffering. Euthanasia is one of today’s most controversial health issues with debates on people’s rightRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal?2146 Words   |  9 PagesWho should be in charge of ending your life? Understanding euthanasia in its entirety can only be met when one knows the various forms it can take. They include passive, active, voluntary, and involuntary. Passive euthanasia refers to the practice of medical practitioners refraining from providing treatment in turn, allowing death. Active euthanasia, on the other hand, involves the deliberate killing of a person, using medical skills and knowledge as an instrument (Sheldon). The primary concern inRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal?1183 Words   |  5 PagesThe word euthanasia is defined as good death, but this meaning cannot be taken literally without analyzing its underlying implications (Vaughn 595). The primary issues that must be raised when discussing euthanasia are differentiating between active and passive forms, analyzing the values that people place on their life and realizing that euthanasia is beneficial. Euthanasia provides a means for patients who are in agony to be relieved of their condition while ensuring that doctors follow appropriateRead MoreEuthanasia Should Be Legal1536 Words   |  7 Pages The second source evaluated in regards to religion influencing whether euthanasia should be legal was â€Å"Euthanasia† written by Amelia Mihaela Diaconescu. Diaconescu has only written this journal in 1 July 2012 and nothing else. This shows a lack of credibility or that she is just starting to write. This was a peer reviewed article regarding what euthanasia is in the United States, England, Germany, Netherlands, Austria, and Holland. This is a strength because it shows diversity even though that all

My Philosophy of Education Essay - 767 Words

My Philosophy of Education My philosophy of education and my personal goals and theories about how students are empowered through their educational experience revolve around the student-centered, interactive approach to instruction and learning. My goal as an educator is to create a learner-focused environment that promotes the basic literacy skills - reading, writing, listening, speaking and thinking. Children are readers, writers, and thinkers who need language to question and understand. They become members of literate communities using language in real ways for real purposes. Through my own classroom research, I have learned to listen to children, to observe the multitude of ways in which they learn, and to examine the†¦show more content†¦I hope as individuals, they will be caring, compassionate, respectful and understanding of social and cultural diversity. In more specific terms, I hope as readers and writers that they become individuals who find pleasure and satisfaction in reading and writing. I hope that they make these activities an important part of their everyday lives, voluntarily engaging in reading and writing for their intrinsic social and personal values. I hope that they use language to understand themselves and others to make sense of their world and as a means of reflecting on their lives. I hope that they leave the classrooms as individuals who know how to read, write, speak, and listen effectively as a competent and influential part of our society? and our future generations. As an educator, I will be committed to a lifetime of learning. In today?s world, it would be impossible to be an effective teacher if learning ended when a degree is earned. I believe a teacher?s mind should always be open to change, and methods of teaching should be new and different. I hope to instill in my students a love of learning and a thirst for knowledge. I plan to use collaboration and diversity as important aspects within my classroom. Collaboration is important if we hope to enhance our educational programs for students. With many schools using inclusion, successful collaboration among professionals is vital. Successful collaborationShow MoreRelatedMy Philosophy On The Philosophy Of Education844 Words   |  4 PagesIn mathematics, as in life, everything must be brought to the simplest of terms. I base my teaching philosophy on the foundation that every student is capable of learning mathematics. I will strive, as a teacher, to ensure that my students are able to have a strong foundation of mathematical skills when they leave my classroom. Some students believe that they are not mathematically gifted; therefore, incapable of learning mathematics. I believe to the contrary, all students with motivation, sustainedRead MoreMy Philosophy On Philosophy Of Education852 Words   |  4 PagesMy Philosophy of Education My philosophy of education is founded on a belief that all students have a desire to learn and to feel accepted. Learning takes place when students are able to have their specific needs meet inside the classroom, to feel accepted in the environment, and find the learning to be meaningful. I believe that before learning can take place a proper educational environment must be present inside the classroom. In order to make any classroom work I believe you need meet three criteriaRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education As A Education864 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent philosophy of education, and what purpose education serves in a child’s life. The five philosophies of education that we recognize are: Essentialism, Perennialism, Progressivism, Social Reconstructionism, and Existentialism. I would most recognize my philosophy of education as Essentialism. Essentialism has been a dominant influence in American education since World War II. It focuses on core curriculum of traditional academic topics. I believe that the purpose of education is teachingRead MoreMy Philosophy of Education824 Words   |  4 Pages13 February 2011 My Philosophy of Education I believe that progressivism educational philosophy most closely matches my educational ideals. In my opinion based on the progressivism educational philosophy, the purpose of education is to enable students to learn useful knowledge that has meaning to them in the future. Thus, the most useful education for students is the skill of â€Å"learning how to learn†. When students understand the methodsRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education And Education1038 Words   |  5 PagesMy Philosophy of Education When trying coming up with a personal philosophy of education, I had to ask myself what the purpose of education is. To me, the purpose of education is to teach students knowledge that is needed to make it through school and to succeed in the world after graduation. Anyone can go into teaching, but not every teacher can teach. Teachers go above and beyond to introduce methods, philosophies, and strategies to help their students learn, as well as, retain the informationRead MoreMy Education Philosophy 1511 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Mission Statement Education is the imparting and acquiring of knowledge and skills through teaching and learning. As an educator, my personal mission statement is to master my subject area in order to serve as a role model for my students thereby producing students who thoroughly understand the subject matter, and who develop holistically. In order to achieve this goal I must have a set education philosophy with a strong Christian worldview. I must also have a general understanding of theRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education1056 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophy of Student Engagement My philosophy of education is that every child should receive high quality education that is inclusive, relevant and meaningful to their life. I am a firm believer of making pedagogy relatable to my students. My vision is driven by my personal experiences with the American school system. I was what is thought of as â€Å"A child at risk†. I am an immigrant, black, Muslim student. My life is transactional as I am a part of multiple marginalized groups. Most of my teachersRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education And Education864 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy of Education Children are the future and their education is the key to our society’s success. When considering this, I realize I have an immense responsibility as an educator. The main focuses of my teaching are active learning, building character within students, and providing meaningful curriculum. I want to create a comfortable setting where every student feels safe to learn. In many ways, my philosophy agrees with the holistic approach to education. I feel this challenges the studentRead MoreMy Philosophy on Education814 Words   |  3 PagesMy Philosophy of Education I think when I made the decision to become a teacher I was not thinking the seriousness of this decision. When we become teachers we also become the molder that will shape our student to be successful in life. But when you decide to become a teacher in a Christian school you are not only shaping this student to be successful in life but we are also shaping their Christian mind to do things with a feeling knowing that they are shape and where made by the image of GodRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education1015 Words   |  5 Pagesimmediately sparked my interest in becoming an educator and share my personal beliefs on the important aspects of education. In addition to this, I will present various traits I believe are essential and critical for teachers to successfully fulfill their role as an educator. During my elementary years, I developed an urge to frequently ask many questions during the school day. Being able to question anything was astonishing to me. This was because my parents were unable to answer my questions and help

the Impact of Legal and Regulatory Framework on...

Name: Kelvin Tung Unit 13: Recruitment and Selection in Business Title: The Impact of Legal and Regulatory Framework on Recruitment and Selection Activities (P2) As recruitment and selection is very important part for any organisation, there will be a lot of legislation that every company will need to comply of. This is to ensure that the process is fair and that everyone can have equal access to job vacancies. They are quite a number of legislation that involves recruitment around the UK. Some of the legislations are also governed by the EU (European Union) as the UK is part of the EU. Some of the main pieces of legislation that are currently affecting the UK as part of the EU are briefly outlined here. All these laws will change all†¦show more content†¦Employees must be protected from discrimination, victimisation and harassment and can use an industrial tribunal to force employers to change the way they operate or to seek compensation. Direct and Indirect discrimination is also applied to the Race Relations Act. Direct discrimination would be a job that’s being advertised as only suitable for someone that has a black skin so it would discriminate against anyone that has a white skin. Indirect discrimination would be when a job requires somebody to be only fair haired so it would be fair haired so it would be discriminating against people who do not have fair hair. Equal Pay Act 1970 This act means that all men and women are to be paid equally. This includes all benefits, childcare allowances, sickness benefits and car allowances. This act makes sure that all men and women are paid the same amount of money when they are doing the same jobs, equivalent jobs and jobs of an equal value. Disability Discrimination Acts 1995 and 2005 These acts make it unlawful for any disabled people to be treated less favourably because they are disabled unless they are very good reasons. Reasonable adjustments must be made to premises so that the disabled applicants or workers are not put at any substantial disadvantages. Making reasonable adjustments may be adding ramps for wheelchair access or a hearing loop for a person who finds it hardShow MoreRelatedBTEC TEMPLATE unit 13 NEW1062 Words   |  5 PagesUnit 13: Recruitment and Selection in Business Assessor Date Issued Hand in Date Duration (approx.) Qualification suite covered Level 3: BTEC Diploma in Business Units covered Unit 13 Learning aims and objectives The aim of this unit is to develop learners’ skills and knowledge of recruitment and selection in business. Learners will do this through preparing the relevant documents used in the selection process, planning and taking part in mock interviews and researching the impact of theRead Morebailey bus and coach company1693 Words   |  7 Pageshelp him with recruiting the new Office Manager and he will send you an email detailing the duties for this new post. Ahmed’s email is given overleaf. EMAIL FROM HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGER From: Ahmed Fawzi To: {Learner.name} Subject: Recruitment of new Office Manager Hello Following our discussion yesterday, we need to recruit a new Office Manager. Frances Duggan has told me today that she does not wish to take on the new role of Office Manager. The responsibilities of the newRead MoreResourcing Talent1241 Words   |  5 Pageswill enable learners to understand the factors that impact on an organisation’s resourcing and talent planning activities. They will learn about the relationship between recruitment and selection by identifying the key stages in each separate but related process. The benefits to the organisation of attracting and retaining a diverse workforce will be emphasised. They will be able to make a positive contribution to the recruitment and selection process by developing their knowledge and skills in definingRead MoreRecruitment: Leadership and Development Needs Essay1104 Words   |  5 PagesAssessment Activity Front Sheet This front sheet must be completed by the learner (where appropriate) and included with the work submitted for assessment. Learner Name Date Issued Hand in Date Assessor Name Submitted on Qualification QCF BTEC HNC/HND Business Unit 14 Working With and Leading People Assignment 1 will give learners the opportunity to achieve: Learning Outcome 1 – Be able to use recruitment, selection and retention procedures Learning Outcome 2 – Understand the styles and impact of leadershipRead MoreHuman Rseource Management3924 Words   |  16 PagesManagement and Personal Management | 4 | 1.2 Functions of Human Resource Management | 5 | 1.3 Role of Line Managers in HRM | 6 | 1.4 Impact of Legal and Regulatory Framework | 7 | 2.1 Human Resource Planning | 8 | 2.2 Stages in Human Resource Planning | 8 | 2.3 Recruitment and Selection process change | 9 | 2.4 Effectiveness of Recruitment and selection techniques | 12 | 3.1 Link between Motivational Theory and reward | 13 | 3.2 Job Evaluation | 13 | 3.3 Reward Systems | 13 | 3Read MoreHuman Resource Management3860 Words   |  16 PagesAnalyse the impact of legal and regulatory framework on Harrods human resource management. 5 LO2 Understand how to recruit employees 6 P2.1- Analyse the reasons for human resource planning at Harrods 6 P 2.2 – Outline the stages that Harrods can adapt in planning human resource Requirements 7 P 2.3 – Compare the recruitment and selection process at Harrods with another organisation such as John Lewis, MS or Sainsbury etc. 7 P2.4 – Evaluate the effectiveness of the recruitment and selection techniquesRead MoreHrm Assignment2133 Words   |  9 Pagesthe HRM function contributes to the purpose of the organization 3 1.3 The role and responsibilities of line managers in supporting HRM 4 1.4 The impact of legal and regulatory framework in an organization 5 Task 2 6 2.1 2.2 General HR planning 6 2.3 The recruitment and selection process 7 2.4 Effectiveness of recruitment and selection 7 Task 3 8 3.1 Motivation of staff through reward 8 Read MoreHuman Resource Department Is One Of The Most Important Part Of An Organization2655 Words   |  11 Pagesmore respect for their role in the organisation from upper management. Other commentators note that there are important qualitative differences between personal management and HRM. According to these commentators, it’s a difference in the way the activities are approached. Task 1 P1.1-Differentiate between personnel management and human resource management Personnel management has to do with all manners of issues concerning the individual employee right from the appointment of the employeeRead MoreHuman Resource Management Essay4821 Words   |  20 Pages1.4 Analyse the impact of the legal and regulatory framework on human resource management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. LO 2 Understand how to recruit employees 2.1 Analyse the reasons for human resource planning †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2.2 Outline the stages in involved in planning human resource requirements 2.3 Compare the recruitment and selection process in two organisations 2.4 Evaluate the effectiveness of the recruitment and selection techniques in twoRead MoreRecruitment Of A Qualified Applicant Pool While Selection Involves Deciding On The Right Candidates For Entering The Organization Essay1504 Words   |  7 Pages Recruitment focuses on building a qualified applicant pool while selection involves deciding on the right candidates for entering the organization. A wide variety of recruitment strategies are available today, although smaller firms tend to restrict themselves to traditional approaches that are cost effective. This puts them at a disadvantage since they have to compete with larger firms in the job market. In the case of selection, some of the alternative approaches were listed in the earlier

Cryptographic Techniques for VPN and Security-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCryptographic Techniques for VPN and Security. Answer: Cryptography is a very important technology in the area of VPN and cyber security through encryption. The cryptography is used to provide data confidentiality by two cryptographic techniques termed as symmetric cryptography and asymmetric cryptography. The symmetric cryptography has a structure where the sender and receiver of data share a common key which is actually protected information to encrypt and decrypt data. The communication between two users can happen when the key is agreed. There are various types of symmetric cryptographic techniques such as stream ciphers, block ciphers, ECB mode, CBC mode. Stream ciphers are algorithms which operate bit by bit at a time. A series of normal text flows into the cipher and as output we get a stream of ciphertext(Mitali Sharma, 2014). The size of text in the steam cipher technique remains same in output. Block ciphers work with blocks of data and the size of the blocks of data changes in compilation with the algorithms(Tripathi Agrawal, 2014). 64 bit is the most popular type in this case. The ECB method identical blocks of ciphertext is obtained by using identical block of plain text. In CBC mode of symmetric encryption a feedback mechanism is used to return the result of the former block are fed back to current block of data. Asymmetric ciphers do not use any key over an unsecure medium. Two keys are generated here and any user who needs to communicate requires to encrypt by using the receivers key. Key exchange is also an useful and feasible type of cryptography technique used in case of large quantity data and it is also faster than the rest two cryptography techniques. Reference Mitali, V. K., Sharma, A. (2014). A survey on various cryptography techniques.International Journal of Emerging Trends Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS),3(4), 307-312. Tripathi, R., Agrawal, S. (2014). Comparative study of symmetric and asymmetric cryptography techniques.International Journal of Advance Foundation and Research in Computer (IJAFRC),1(6), 68-76.

Gay Marriages

Table of Contents Introduction Arguments against Gay Marriages Marriage and Children Taking Care of Children Debate on whether Marriage is a Civil Right Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Homosexuality refers to sexual desires among people of the same gender. In the past, psychological journals classified it as a mental disorder. However, it was removed from the journals in 1973. To date, most theorists still try to find out the exact circumstances under which individuals become homosexuals.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Gay Marriages specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Homosexuality is a highly condemned behaviour especially by church leaders because it is considered unethical and against God’s law of creation. The perception that homosexuality is a sin and abominable leads to ethical dilemmas about the practice. The ethical dilemmas are further heightened by individuals who believe that it is not rig ht to discriminate against homosexuals. Individuals who oppose homosexuality argue that gay marriages should not be allowed because homosexuality is unethical while supporters of the practice argue that homosexuals should be allowed to get marred (Cahill 20). Debates about gay marriages have continued in different parts of the world. Allowing two individuals of the same gender to live together as a couple has caused varied reactions among different people. Religious groups and gay communities are among those who express strong views about gay marriages, with each side defending its convictions about the practice. Religious groups argue that gay marriages should not be allowed while gay communities support the practice. Religious groups play a major role in ensuring that gay marriages do not attain legal recognition. Both Christians and gay communities express strong convictions about homosexuality and gay marriages. All convictions are based on religious texts. Moral and ethical iss ues that surround gay marriages in the United States cannot be ignored because the matter has influenced the manner in which the American citizens lead their lives. Arguments against Gay Marriages Different groups have been fighting for gay rights such as the right to marriage. However, the issue of gay marriages in the United States is surrounded by numerous ethical dilemmas. Religious conservatives have been fighting for gay marriages to be legalised although it might not be possible because the Supreme Court has not issued explicit legal directives that prohibit gay marriages.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Religious organisations give different reasons to justify their opposition to gay marriages in the United States. They believe that it is unnatural for individuals of the same gender to get married because the sanctity of marriage should be respected. Marriage is a union between a man and a woman with the aim of raising children. Religious organisations use biblical quotes to prove that gay marriages are morally wrong. The most familiar biblical argument that they use to argue against gay marriages is found in Leviticus 20:13, which says that it is a sin for a man to have a sexual relationship with another man (Nagile 10). Historically, marriage has played an important role in promoting human relationships. It involves the union of a man and a woman in order to support each other morally, emotionally, economically and also to bring up children. Most societies perceive marriage as holy hence it should only involve one woman and one man. However, the debate on gay marriages in different parts of the world has elicited serious concerns because it is surrounded by ethical and moral dilemmas. One question that many people ask is whether marriage should strictly involve one man and one woman. The United States has to deal with a serious ethical dilemma be cause some groups have been fighting for the civil rights of gay people although homosexuality is morally and ethically unacceptable. The issue of gay marriages in the United States has been a subject of public discussion in the recent past. Some states have been issuing and recalling marriage licenses, which give gays an opportunity to live together as a couple. The implication is that legislating on whether gay marriages should be allowed or not has been difficult. It has often been argued that instead of granting complete marriage rights to gays, domestic partnerships that allow them to live together as couples should be created. Individuals who oppose the marriages argue that allowing full marriage rights to gays would destroy traditional and religious marriages.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Gay Marriages specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, gay communities believe that they should be given complete marriage rights because they do not enjoy the civil rights that are enjoyed by other people. For example, medical practitioners are bound by state laws to call family members of gay couples regarding health conditions of the individuals regardless of whether they have their partners with them or not (Nagile 15). Marriage and Children Legalising gay marriages in the United States would be harmful to the society because of various reasons. To begin with, legal recognition of gay marriages would allow the society to engage in unions that are morally wrong. In the United States, religion is highly valued hence marriages between individuals of the same gender are not encouraged. In addition, gay couples do not have the ability to produce children through acceptable and right procreation methods. As a result, gay marriages would be a threat to the continuity of the human race. They might also give rise to other practices such as adoption of children. This would deny innocent chi ldren the privilege of growing up in a family set up, which has a mother and a father. Homosexuals try to use legal provisions in a bid to fight for their rights, but allowing them to acquire marriage status would be against the public good (Cahill 20). Individuals who argue against gay marriages point out that marriage should not only be a union between two people. A marriage should represent a friendly relationship, which should enable two individuals to raise children. The only union that allows conception and an opportunity to raise children is that of a man and a woman. Culturally, the family unit is comprised of a man and a woman, who come together to raise children. This perception of marriage underscores the importance of marriage in ensuring continuity of the human race. Supporters of gay marriages on the other hand argue that sperm donation can be used to create children for gay couples. However, their critics say that the couples would always be forced to adopt processes that are outside their bodies to get children. This would deny the children the relationship that they should enjoy with their biological parents (Baker 10).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Critics of gay marriages in the United States point out that the practice is morally wrong because the purpose of a marriage is to portray a relationship between a man and a woman and the ability to get children. Although gay couples might have legal basis to get children through other means other than natural birth, they fail to satisfy the moral and ethical purpose of a marriage (The Politics and Ethics of Gay Marriages 5). Taking Care of Children The task of bringing up children in the United States is considered as a great responsibility that parents should accomplish successfully. It is agreeable that children need parents who should take care of them and guide them as they grow up. Many people argue that the most suitable environment for children to grow up is a home where there is a mother and a father. This enables them to acquire important lessons from both parents. Supporters of gay marriages on the other hand argue that gay couples who adopt children can provide them with a suitable environment to grow up and also the love that they need. However, it is not possible for gay couples to provide the love that is provided by a father and a mother as they raise their children. Debate on whether Marriage is a Civil Right The United States is a country that values and respects the rights of all citizens. Due to ethical and moral issues associated with gay marriages, questions have been raised on whether marriage is a right and whether it should be restricted. Majority of the American citizens believe that marriage is a right, which everybody is entitled to. Supporters of gay marriages believe that gay communities should not be restricted from getting married. There is also the question of whether the government should give a definition of marriage and exercise control over marriages. This is because the government is responsible for defining and restricting other rights. It also restricts certain rights in order to prevent the larger society from harm or t o encourage the societal members to embrace something that is beneficial. In this context, the government indirectly restricts marriage in order to protect the welfare of children, family stability and societal well-being (Corvino 65). The government also restricts marriage dissolution processes and the rights of children in case a marriage is dissolved. Most Americans still feel that the government should issue a definition of marriage, which allows marriages between one man and one woman. This would make it difficult for courts to disrespect federal laws that outlaw gay marriages. However, the ethical question inherent in such a decision is whether a definition of marriage that restricts it to a relationship between one woman and one man rightfully explains marriage, or whether it erroneously denies homosexuals the luxury of getting married. This is an issue that can be addressed if individuals define marriage in their own ways and its place in the society. The ethical and moral i ssues surrounding gay marriages can be addressed on the basis of how marriage is defined by individuals. Conclusion Marriage in the United States is considered as a sacred institution, which provides the right environment for a man and a woman to raise children. However, emergence of gay marriages has elicited serious debates in different parts of the world. Opponents of the practice argue that it should not be allowed since it is morally and ethically wrong. On the other hand, supporters of gay marriages argue that prohibiting the practice denies them their civil rights. In order to ensure that the issue of gay marriages is resolved without offending any side, it is important for the government of the United States to define marriage clearly. Works Cited Baker, Brittney. Same-Sex Marriage and Religion: An Inappropriate Relationship. 2010. Web. Cahill, Sean. Same Sex Marriage In The United States: Focus On The Facts. New york: Lexington Books, 2004.Print. Corvino, John. Same sex: De bating the ethics, science, and culture of homosexuality. Boston: Rowman Littlefield, 1999.Print. Nagile, Jeanne. Same-Sex Marriage. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, 2010.Print. The Politics and Ethics of Gay Marriages 2003. Web. This essay on Gay Marriages was written and submitted by user Randall Mccray to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Without Sanctuary Exercise Example

Without Sanctuary Exercise Example Without Sanctuary Exercise – Article Example Without Sanctuary The lynching which occurred in the U.S., which Without Sanctuary examines, occurred mostly in the Southern s like Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana, Georgia and Alabama. These events mostly took place between the years of 1882 and 1968. The events would have been extremely traumatic for African American families of the time. The effect of the lynchings would have been compounded by the fact that there were photographs and souvenirs available of the events, which would have featured family members of the families of the victims. Psychologically, this type of event would have caused fear in the African American community, and it would be difficult to carry out normal daily tasks if affected by such fear. Being unable to leave the house for fear of falling victim to these groups would have made living a normal life possible. Additionally, lynchings would also have caused some anger in the African American community, as they were being unnecessarily targeted by racist group s through no fault of their own. The images tell an interesting story of the legal system in America during this time. The fact that these events were so commonplace, and were being broadcast so publically in the form of these photographs, means that the legal system would have understood that this was going on but there was very little fear of the law for these groups. It seems important that these events are discussed as part of American history in schools, despite the fact that it may be disturbing for some people, particularly the images. It is important to remember that racism existed in such an outward way in the U.S. as little as 50 years ago, and these murders were being carried out on the African American community in the public eye. It also helps people to understand more the history of race relations in the U.S., which is important for building a better future.

Practical Windows Security Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Practical Windows Security - Assignment Example If a statement from a security prospective integrates Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures identifiers, we can then rapidly and exactly get admittance to the predetermined information in one or else more isolated CVE-compatible warehouses, ways and services to rectify the difficulty. In addition, through Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures, our tools and services are competent enough to "respond" (i.e., swap data) to each other. However, we will be acquainted with precisely what each take in for the reason that Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures offers us a level of comparison proposed for evaluating the behavior of our tools. This outlines that we are proficient to find out which tools are mainly effectual and suitable for convening our businesss requirements. Briefly explaining, Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures compatible benefits, tools and databases will offer us much better reporting, fairly easy capability to share and make use of information, and improved safety (IPA, 2 009), (Skoudis, 2010) & (Mitre, 2010) Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures is an industry which is authorized by the CVE Editorial Board and by many associations and organizations that have confirmed their goods CVE-compatible or else incorporate CVE identifier in their retailer observant as well as safety consultants. Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures content must be accepted by the CVE Editorial Board that generally includes prime professionals from the information security society (Mitre, 2010). This report is designed to provide deep and comprehensive analysis of some of the main issues and areas of the Practical Windows Security. In this report I am going to discuss and analyze some of the prime aspects of Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) and its connection to the Windows security management as well as organization. For this reason I will assess one of Windows security aspects

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Essay Example It was in the late 2002, researchers found in the clinics of southern China, a febrile upper respiratory illness, which was progressing into a life threatening pneumonia in some persons. It later turned out to be an explosive outbreak in Hong Kong, which The World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2003 defined as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). The WHO has formed guidelines for the global surveillance of severe acute reparatory syndrome, for the purpose of detecting cases rapidly and to prevent the further national or international spreading of the disease. Characteristics of SARS –spread and severity of SARS Through droplets The major mode of spreading the disease is considered to be by droplet spread by close person-to-person contact. The most cases reported that people who lived with the patient or had direct contact had affected the disease. In a research study it was found that, SARS-CoV would affect the persons in close vicinity of an infected person. Through contact with fomites Studies have proven that virus can remain viable on a dry surface for a period up to 24hours. By touching the objects or surfaces contaminated with the virus can affect in the sensitive parts like membranes of the eye, nose, or mouth. Virus spread through the fomites has higher risk of causing the disease. Through the faeces Studies have proven that the SARS-CoV can sustain in faeces. It can remain unharmed at room temperature for 1to 2 days and stays up to 4days in stools from patients with diarrhea. Through airborne spread The community outbreak in the March 2003, which affected more than 300 patients, points a finger at the possibility of transmitting the virus airborne. A diarrhea patient had been affected by the virus-laden aerosols that traveled from the sewer of the other flats. Some of the aerosols that assist the disease transmission are created by some medical procedures such as endotracheal intubation, open tracheal suction, and nasopharyngeal aspirat ion. The situations prevailed in the hospital is under the study that whether inadequate ventilation in the packed atmosphere has contributed anything to the hospital outbreak. The epidemic SARS was started as a hospital outbreak in many countries highly affecting the health care workers. Failure to implement adequate personal protective equipment or proper infection control procedures were said to be the reasons for such hospital outbreaks. Some cases reported had no history of infection and were sporadically occurring. The scientists found it difficulty in preventing the virus as there was rapid dissemination in the major cities. In the same way, it was found that the herd immunity was very low in the affected countries. Only in places where effective public health measures were in practice, people could put off the virus. Most feared characteristic The factor that makes people nervous about traveling and cancels their travel plans is that the SARS can transmit through contact wit h fomites. The WHO has officially declared cases about the patients affected by the virus through fecal-oral contact. So they fear in going to other places where they may have to get in contact with other people or even need to go to a hotel. If an affected person had been in the hotel before them, the virus can still remain unharmed in the surface and can transmit the disease into them. It is proven that the virus can remain in the dry surface for 24hours. Such fear and anxiety about the disease causes people to cancel their trips to other countries, in fact it helps in preventing the disease to some extent. Bibliography Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. SARS Case 1, Autospy Singapore. Retrieved from http://www.afip.org/hot-topics/SARS/case1.html Trends and directions for global public health

Agency Theory Versus Stewardship Theory Accounting Essay

Agency Theory Versus Stewardship Theory Accounting Essay Jensen and Meckling (1976) defined an agency correlation as a contractual set-up under which the business owner or the principal engaged a manager or the agent to execute some service on his behalf and may usually entail some decision making exclusively by the agent. The agency theory revolves on the basic proposition about humans, which deals with principals and agents as self-oriented focusing on exploiting their personal advantage (Corbetta and Salvato, 2004; Chua, Steier and Chrisman, 2006). Shleifer and Vishny (1986) explain the agency context in which the financiers needed the agents specialization to obtain maximum returns from their funds, meanwhile the managers since they do not have enough capital on their own would utilize the finances of its principal. Agency theory described managers as opportunistic (Wasserman, 2006) by seizing its optimum advantage for his appointment and role as the mover in the firm for its own benefit, at the expense of the principal (Shulze, Lubatk in Dino, 2003). Both parties goal is to gain that personal advantage in every way possible with the least outlay and expenditure. These expenditures are defined as agency costs (Jensen and Meckling, 1976). This is the total of cash outflows made by the principal for its organization be it in budget proportions, auditing, or employee honorariums; the expenses incurred by the agent for income generating projects and the marginal loss due to the decline in the expected income of the principal as caused by the resulted deviation of motives between the agents resolution and the main goal of the principal to obtain maximum returns from its investments. Thus, high conflicting of interests between the principals and agents that resulted from information asymmetry is the main statement in an agency theory (Davis, Schoorman and Donaldson, 1997). Asymmetry of information between the two parties is displayed when the manager align his capabilities with the expected outcome, result and rationality of the princip al (not knowing his own abilities) leads to satisfying decision-making on the part of the principal while this is an example of adverse selection for the agent (Karra, Tracey and Phillips, 2006). More often than not, this leads to a number of non-satisfactory overall performances of the manager which will in due time lead to the destruction of the firm and the reputation of the agent (Jensen, 2004). As well as for the principals, their incapability of selecting candidates that acts appropriately in all circumstances are proofs of adverse selection. The outcome always entails an ambiguous job description on both parties. Nevertheless, there are still some factors that the agency theory fails to point out, other than motivational or self-gratitude. These maybe are the intrinsic inability or low ability, poor knowledge on business and misinformation of agents that resulted in their failure to deliver high performance for their principals (Davis, Schoorman and Donaldson, 1997). Moral hazard as described by Chrisman, Chua and Litz (2004) is another agency problem confronted by the corporate governance. Its another kind of opportunism which includes utilizing, seizing and assuming all extra benefits from a delegated authority to rule in behalf of the principal. Since it is difficult for the principal to monitor agents, this authority is undeniably has a chance of being abused or misused by the managers. This problems solution is to adapt a good monitoring system and internal self-governance by the principal which entails agency cost (Eisenhardt, 1989). As discussed by Berle and Means in 1932, a company does not behave based with the conventional model in which the agents must act in the best interest of the owners of the firm. Most likely as a consequence, the principal then would guarantee that the managers would act in their best interest. The idea of formulating a contract is relied upon by the agency theory to align the motives of both parties concerned. The goal is to balance the intention by allocating maximized values for shareholders and added incentives and benefits for the managers. Committee audits and performance evaluations by the board may act as effective authority tool for monitoring and scrutinizing potentially opportunistic agents (Mustakallio, Autio and Zahra, 2002). This internal governance system as a solution to ensure the compliance of the agents bounded by the contract will simultaneously be given to a non-executive sect who will be composed of auditors, supervisors and other structural arrangements. This non-executive part of the ownership structure serves as the middle man interconnecting the principal and the agent having a role in monitoring, thereby extending an enormous effect in the change or variation in control (Denis, 2001). In relation to corporate governance, legitimate actions against deceits and other modes of fraudulence may provide some fortification on the part of the principal. Economic analysis suggests that incorporating these solutions to the firm may considerably eliminate opportunism. But there are still factors that need to be considered in this special structure of the firm that is created for internal governance of which other forms of opportunism may arose in those entrusted with responsibility to check on the managers of the firm. The study made by Yermack in 1999 suggests that the board particularly its composition as an authority to monitor managers has an effect on the governance mechanism. The study on the effect of small board of directors in a company got the significant result that there is a positive correlation of this small size to greater market valuation of a company. Meanwhile, Hannifa and Hudaib (2006) stands with the result of Yermack showing results based on more than 300 companies listed in Malaysia which proposed that a large board is less efficient in auditing the performance of the managers compared to a smaller one. Moreover, this huge composition of the board is quite expensive for the companies to maintain in terms of honorariums, commissions and compensation. But in terms of profit and company growth, the large board may seem to be of importance because of the diversity in experiences, knowledge and accountability. Nevertheless, the study made by Guest in 2009, showed a strong result on the non-relation of the large board size to the firm performance however they also robustly imply that they dont suggest to restrict large boards to obtain a better firm performance. All these efforts executed by principals to avoid agency problems, minding the fact that there are still managers that wont deliver exactly what theyre expected to, entails agency costs as discussed. Often, the goal of the principal is to minimize agency costs and focus on profit even if not in growth. Here comes the conflict of organizing the principal-agent relationship (Shapiro, 2005) wherein the idea is exemplified but the measures are often inadequate, thus the alignment of the interests of the principal and manager is hardly ever absolute. A control-oriented firm is then considered necessary under agency theory which suggests that agents will not act to take full advantage of the returns to the principal if and only if systematic self-governance mechanisms are implemented in the firm to protect the shareholders interest (Jensen and Meckling, 1976). Stewardship theory In 1993, Block believes that firms implementing stewardship by front-running service instead of self-interest are those that are most effective in corporate governance. He believes that both the firm and individual needs will be greatly achieved by establishing trust-relationships and treating subordinates as partners. Preston (1998) added a definition of Stewardship Theory to exemplify humane duties owed to all partners that recognizes the importance of a systematic fit of corporate governance considering the elements of its environment. Hosmer in 1996 identifies the need to augment the economic and social responsibilities in governance by recognizing the moral and ethical issues inherent in the stewardship theory. The managers role in stewardship theory is to maximize the potential of the firm and to pursue long-term wealth acquisition with organizational and individual desires best accomplished by assessing collective ends (Hosmer, 1996). The goal is on assuming accountability and responsibility for the organizational community. The model of a manager should be as a steward whose behavior is ordered and organizational; whose collectivistic behavior is of higher reverence than individualistic, self-serving conduct (Albanese, et al 1997). They exemplify that man being intelligent makes rational, not irrational decisions, unlike agency proposers who dispute stewardship. Stewardship theory view employees as assets of the firm as the agency did but they differ in their treatment of the human natures motivation and ability of control. A true steward is driven by his need of self-actualization, growth and achievement without being opportunistic and self-interested in his performance (Mejia et al., 2001). Stewardship ideology proposes that corporate governance structures should exercise advanced authority and prudence. (Davis et al, 1997) .The proponents discussed that high-level of authority and discretion is attained when the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) also assume the position of Chairman of the Board. Stewardship principle argues that the issue is whether or not the ownership structure assists and facilitates in the management achievement of high corporate and firm performance. When the CEO is also the chairman of the board, the organization will be facilitative of this objective letting them assume apparent, clear and objective role expectations and authorize and empower higher and greater management. Thus, stewardship theory is not centralized on self-motivation through own financial gain, but the assumption of two roles as the chairman, at the same time as the manager of the corporation will produce superior results and maximized returns to the shareholders than separation of the roles of the chair and CEO as exemplified by the agency theory. Duality of these roles is considered a functional from in stewardship perspective. According to Fama (1980), being an effective steward of their firm, CEOs and managers are also effectively managing their own assets and careers. Stewardship, however, has its own set of limitations and gaps. Since it is trust-based relationships, it assumes underlying informal agreements and not most of the time, the functional logic or prà ©cised obligations (Mejia et al., 2001). Some authors ( Habbershon, 2006; Miller and Miller, 2005) argue that altruism mainly a compliment of stewardship might be influential in establishing an enormous network for the firm in its early stages, as employing a wide network of trustees or of relatives in cases of a family corporation (less concerned on their specifications) minimizing agency costs compared to a non-family member (Mejia et al., 2001).However, in the long run as the firm becomes more established, the need for well adept and professional managers arise to cope up with the competition thereby expect an increase in the agency costs. In essence, the organizations over all environment systems influence the inclination of managers. In an organization which houses the philosophy for self-actualization and involve employee-owners association, managers are inclined towards the stewardship perspective. Furthermore, collectivist behavior and non-power distance cultures encourages stewardship principles (Davis, Schoorman and Donaldson, 1997). Agency Theory vs. Stewardship Theory Agency theory concentrates primarily on the association between the principal and the agents in corporations, having a formal and contractual nature of relationship however with the presumed goal indifference and incongruence of interest (Sharma, 1997). Meanwhile, Stewardship theory is involved mainly in analyzing the importance of the co-existence of trust-based relationships along with agency relations in firms (Corbetta and Salvato, 2004). The stewardship approach, which encompasses commitment and trust to shared goals and desires exhibited by the principal and the manager alike, aligns the interest of the two parties (Albanese, Dacin and Harris, 1997). In 1997 Davis, Shoorman and Donaldson provided two key points that differentiated the Agency and Stewardship theories. These are the motivation and power comparison. In an agency type, the manager is motivated by personal interests and extrinsic rewards. In the stewardship, the manager is motivated by the human need for intellectual growth, achievement, and self-actualization, and by intrinsic rewards. In an agency theory, the power is institutionally directed while in the stewardship, it is based on personal ability and power to run the particular organization. Davis, et al (1997) argue that the two theories are not mutually exclusive but create a link between agency and stewardship relationships. Clearly, the stewardship theory provided a room for the failures and gaps in the agency theory. A manager of a firm may choose what type of inclination he is up to particularly in decision making as long as these three assumptions are supplemented. First the decision must be mutually agreed upon by both the principal and the agent. Secondly, it will always depend on the situation, and third objective is the expectations of the parties involved. Basing on the result of their study of 22 matrices on the possibilities of the actuations of the principal and agent, the agent can either opt to perform in an agency or in a steward fashion, and so can the principal. There can be four possibilities of outcome in the governance using the link between agency and stewardship and depending on the choice of the concerned parties. Two of which are a concrete exa mple of the agency theory where both have selected to uplift their self-interests and a true stewardship principle which maximize organizational performance. Other two possibilities of outcome which will result in one party taking advantage over the other and one recourse to injustice will result to low performance on the other party. When the principal acts as the steward and the manager acts as an agent, and on the other hand when the principal becomes opportunistic and the manager acts as a steward, which could pave the way for the frustration and declined feelings of self-worth to the aggravated party. The study on the relationship of these theories is very broad, thereby some wouldnt agree to the findings of Davis. According to Albanese, Dacin, and Harris (1997) there is a distinction between agency theory and the agency problem of divided self interest. They discussed that stewardship simply refined and advanced agency theory, it does not present an alternative. Eisenhardts (1 989) review shows that agency theory was continually developed and is studied thoroughly with the incongruent self-interests of the principal-agent as the fundamental supposition. Summary The agency model and stewardship model of the firm provide two different angles for understanding the governance of a firm, its decision making, its internal relationships, and its external relationships. This review advocates that the principal or manager acting as a steward, and employing people with similar expectations, is more in line with the traits needed for an organization to succeed like proper motivation, personal and company growth and self-actualization, thus increasing the potential for maximizing the performance of the firm. Moreover, the advantage of the stewardship model over that of the agency is that it presents managers an organized different array of motivations which could potentially include the interests of all relevant firm movers (Preston 1998).

Eliyahu M. Goldratts The Goal Essay -- Goldratt

The Goal Here are the principles behind the dramatic turnaround story in The Goal. The goal of a manufacturing organization is to make money. Jonah poses this as a question: "What is the goal?" and Rogo actually struggles with it for a day or two, but any manager or executive that can't answer that question without hesitation should be fired without hesitation. But then again, the goal isn't clear to everyone. One of the characters in the book, an accountant, responds to an offhand comment about the goal with a confused "The goal? You mean our objectives for the month?" That's sure to strike a chord with a lot of readers. At an operational level, measure your success toward the goal with these three metrics: Throughput - The rate at which the system generates money through sales. Inventory - The money that the system has invested in purchasing things which it intends to sell. Operational expense - The money the system spends in order to turn inventory into throughput. You could rephrase it this way - and someone does, a bit later in the book: Throughput - Goods out; the money coming in. Inventory - Materials in; the money currently inside the system. Operational expense - Effort in; the money going out. Obviously, your job is to minimize expense and inventory and maximize throughput. Adjust the flow of product to match demand. In particular, don't trim capacity to match demand. It's a standard cost-cutting procedure, sure. But you'll need that capacity later, if you're serious about increasing throughput. Find bottlenecks. If manufacturing is what's limiting your throughput, then the problem isn't that people aren't working hard enough. You have bottlenecks in your manufacturing processes that are holding up everything else. Find the bottlenecks and do everything you can to fix them. Increase their efficiency, even at the expense of efficiency in non-bottleneck places, because the efficiency of a bottleneck directly determines the efficiency of the entire process, all the way through final payment. In the book, a variety of steps are taken to "elevate" and circumvent the bottlenecks. This is where the results start showing up on the bottom line. Soon the plant can actually use information from the bottleneck to do an effective job of scheduling work and (for the first time) reliably predicting when orders w... ...deas in novel form. There were already a dozen essays or articles on manufacturing management paradigms; you couldn't sell those. Novels sell better than essays. They're more readable. Once you realize that managers will buy thousands of copies of a "business novel" and make it required reading for their subordinates, a novel is the only way to go. (Also, The Goal was originally intended as marketing for Goldratt's plant management software company.) My main objection to The Goal is that it's fiction. Rogo makes a few changes, and his problems miraculously go away. It just works. Granted, the policies seem like good sense. But the unrealistic points are glossed over. Maybe plant managers in real life have the authority to adopt dramatic changes in the way they operate, the way Rogo did. Maybe it's easy to convince your top accountant that all his models are wrong, even though you have no accounting experience yourself. Maybe the average plant has an IT department that can create new scheduling software out of thin air in a few days. Maybe not. Goldratt claims a lot of real-life plant managers say they've turned The Goal into a documentary. That's a book I haven't read yet. Eliyahu M. Goldratt's The Goal Essay -- Goldratt The Goal Here are the principles behind the dramatic turnaround story in The Goal. The goal of a manufacturing organization is to make money. Jonah poses this as a question: "What is the goal?" and Rogo actually struggles with it for a day or two, but any manager or executive that can't answer that question without hesitation should be fired without hesitation. But then again, the goal isn't clear to everyone. One of the characters in the book, an accountant, responds to an offhand comment about the goal with a confused "The goal? You mean our objectives for the month?" That's sure to strike a chord with a lot of readers. At an operational level, measure your success toward the goal with these three metrics: Throughput - The rate at which the system generates money through sales. Inventory - The money that the system has invested in purchasing things which it intends to sell. Operational expense - The money the system spends in order to turn inventory into throughput. You could rephrase it this way - and someone does, a bit later in the book: Throughput - Goods out; the money coming in. Inventory - Materials in; the money currently inside the system. Operational expense - Effort in; the money going out. Obviously, your job is to minimize expense and inventory and maximize throughput. Adjust the flow of product to match demand. In particular, don't trim capacity to match demand. It's a standard cost-cutting procedure, sure. But you'll need that capacity later, if you're serious about increasing throughput. Find bottlenecks. If manufacturing is what's limiting your throughput, then the problem isn't that people aren't working hard enough. You have bottlenecks in your manufacturing processes that are holding up everything else. Find the bottlenecks and do everything you can to fix them. Increase their efficiency, even at the expense of efficiency in non-bottleneck places, because the efficiency of a bottleneck directly determines the efficiency of the entire process, all the way through final payment. In the book, a variety of steps are taken to "elevate" and circumvent the bottlenecks. This is where the results start showing up on the bottom line. Soon the plant can actually use information from the bottleneck to do an effective job of scheduling work and (for the first time) reliably predicting when orders w... ...deas in novel form. There were already a dozen essays or articles on manufacturing management paradigms; you couldn't sell those. Novels sell better than essays. They're more readable. Once you realize that managers will buy thousands of copies of a "business novel" and make it required reading for their subordinates, a novel is the only way to go. (Also, The Goal was originally intended as marketing for Goldratt's plant management software company.) My main objection to The Goal is that it's fiction. Rogo makes a few changes, and his problems miraculously go away. It just works. Granted, the policies seem like good sense. But the unrealistic points are glossed over. Maybe plant managers in real life have the authority to adopt dramatic changes in the way they operate, the way Rogo did. Maybe it's easy to convince your top accountant that all his models are wrong, even though you have no accounting experience yourself. Maybe the average plant has an IT department that can create new scheduling software out of thin air in a few days. Maybe not. Goldratt claims a lot of real-life plant managers say they've turned The Goal into a documentary. That's a book I haven't read yet.

Need for Localization: Foreign Company’s Obligations to Local Essay

This paper gives a detailed analysis of the local culture and customs that the foreign companies would have to adjust to in order to remove the social and psychological barriers which they would inevitably have to come up against during their overseas operation. The paper lays emphasis on the flexibility approach and localization as the main aspect for foreign companies in order to succeed. The study reveals that although the impact of globalization has brought greater degree of homogenization in commercial procedures, it still remains a distant dream when different cultures mingle making it imperative for these companies to accept heterogeneity as the only way to enter foreign markets. Customs and norms are die hard behavioral habits and have been ingrained in the society over a long period of time and not easily removable or made to overlook. This is especially so while operating in foreign soils and in many instances this has been seen as one of the biggest hurdles facing companies. Rules of law and government rules and regulations may exist but assuming that all businesses are managed by people and for the people, interaction between people is inevitable for its success. Some parent companies may of course have lesser amount of interaction due to the nature of their products or services yet on the whole it is generally seen that whatever be the business norms of the foreign company it has to make discernible changes when it goes into business in a foreign soil. Franchises and branches are actually an extension of the parent company that has been grounded and molded in a foreign soil by a larger participation of the local community within the internal and external environment of the organization. It is also seen that the cultural differences may be slight, marginal or make very great impact on the business due to the cultural difference that exists between the organization’s country of origin and the foreign soil. Thus, it is quite imperative on the part of the foreign company to make some structural changes which should include a changed human resource practice and a changed view of the organization as a whole in certain aspects of beliefs, assumptions and behaviors and above all understanding the positive sides of other cultures. In case the foreign company is hell bent on imposing the customs and assumptions of its own country of origin stating them to be its organizational culture then it would sooner or later find itself out of business. Hence, being indifferent and unmindful of the local customs can be very catastrophic if it doesn’t allow a certain degree of flexibility in bases that are situated on the foreign land. Areas of Conflicts A foreign company while setting its operational bases in another country invites certain risks from conflicts that it not quite seen in the home country. Firstly, the company if it happens to be a Western one inevitably tries to go about its business taking for granted that globalization has brought in a greater degree of flexibility and that the English language is the only internationally accepted language of the world population. This may sound quite okay within cultures that are a part or partake of Westernized conducts and behavioral patterns yet when such a company tries to place its foot on say Africa, the Middle East and the Asian countries then it is a different story altogether. For one there is greater degree of difference between the two cultures which if not properly understood and practiced may prove to be disastrous for the company. For instance, it is the standard procedure in the Western business to make an agreement that after a fruitful negotiation followed with signing of documents and shaking of hands which indicates that the agreement has been done as per the unanimous consent of the parties involved. However, this doesn’t hold well in the Middle East where coming to a formal agreement would mean that the beginning of several serious negotiations is on the way. In other oriental cultures the start of any business transaction is preceded by a ritualistic performance, the majority being religious based as well after ascertaining the stars on the almanac. In China there are three traditional philosophies namely the Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism and are generally considered as the foremost philosophies for facilitating social interaction. A foreign company trying to open its branch in China would indeed be in conflict with the local customs and beliefs and hence do very poorly if it doesn’t understand the situation. This is more so with the Chinese mostly preferring a Chinese person as a mediator for any negotiation. In India too there are various religious and cultural festivals which form an integral part of the existence of the native person. In areas of human resource this is more pronounced and the foreign company must make allowance for the same by giving holidays and even be expected to participate by handing over of gifts, involving in the cultural events as well as make contributions to enhance their image with the local participants. Therefore, it is generally seen that the foreign company increases its business substantially while conforming to traditional beliefs and customs of the local people than they would otherwise. Multiculturalism and Cultural Assimilation There is growing evidence that the transnational organizations are adopting a policy of recruiting workforce from various cultures from across the world as it is by far the best way to expand overseas and also to understand and integrate better with the markets in these regions. Multinational companies should therefore make note of the fact that in their home ground things were a lot different than what they are likely to experience across the borders. Globalization as seen in the present does not imply homogenization, but the reverse as this means one has to deal with difference directly instead of from a distance as was earlier the case (Nolan, 1999). In multiculturalism, organization readily accepts the presence of varied cultural groups within its own larger cultural base. In the case of cultural assimilation the organizations by its policies prepares to assimilate those cultures of local communities and tries to effectively integrate them into its organizational culture. It is also true that both diversity and internationalization are needed to create diverse learning environment within companies in order to make them adaptive to local customs and hence remain competitive. For this the foreign company should have well laid out policies of manpower learning and understanding of the various cultures that would arise in the event of transfer of personnel. According to authors Stehle and Ernee, transfers are more likely to succeed when employees of the transfer coalition hold positive attitudes and trust towards the parent company (2007). An effective ethical principle is thus evolved in this way and the organization needn’t fear of any future uncertainties and confusion while carrying on its business in soils alien to its own customs and practices. By the process of assimilation the organization has send out the right message to the local communities. Attitudes towards ethics are rooted in culture and business practice and the term international business conduct and morals refer to the foreign company’s relationships with individuals and entities (Mahapatra and Kumar, 2009). Further those companies who are having certain degree of confusion to start operations in an alien soil can take other routes in the form of joint ventures and franchisees. The uses of joint venture can mitigate problems associated with lack of knowledge in norms, values and assumptions that are the foundation of organizational and individual behavior (Ang and Michailova, 2008). Conclusion Thus it is imperative for the foreign company to have an obligation to the local customs, languages, behavior, religion and cultural assumptions in order to consistently perform well and profitably. Once the company forms a distinctive identity with the local population with its overtures, responses and publicity campaigns the company can benefit both in its image and carry out future expansion programs. There have been several instances of the whole company’s leadership position even that of the parent company being entrusted in the hands of persons belonging to the local community with the target market which in this case means the local market too large enough to avoid or forego. The case of PepsiCo is an example as its leader is a woman of Indian origin and it is quite likely that she would be able to understand the cultural and religious sentiments of the people much better than those not native to the soil. Reference List Ang Siah Hwee and Michailova Snejina (2008). Institutional Exploration of Cross- Border alliance Modes: The Case of Emerging Economies Firm. Normative Pillars of Institutions. Management International Review. Mahapatra S N and Kumar Jitender (2009). Transnational Corporations and Marketing Ethics in Global Market in Post Globalization. International Business Ethics and Global Marketing. Abhigyan. Nolan W. Riall Communicating and Adopting Across Cultures: Living and Working In the Global Village. Cultural Basis of Difference. 1, 1. Westport, CT. Bargin & Garvey. Stehle Wolfgang and Ernee Ronel (2007). Transfer of Human Resource Practices from German Multinational Enterprises to Asian Subsidiaries. Research and Practice in Human Resource Management.

Case for Analysis Covington Corrugated Parts - 1173 Words

Case For Analysis: Covington Corrugated Parts amp; Services Abstract Covington Corrugated Parts amp; Services is a Virginia based company providing precision machine parts and services to the domestic corrugated box and paperboard industry. The business is owned by Larisa Harrison and operates from a 50,000 square foot factory in the rural Shenandoah Valley with 150 employees, many of them now nearing retirement. Due to changes in the economy and new competition their dominant 70 percent of the market share is rapidly declining. While management was focused on building the business, the box and paperboard industry was changing; plastics and reusable containers were becoming more prevalent. Management is now faced with the task†¦show more content†¦The company’s managers have differing opinions on which path the company should take to achieve growth and the current structure is not designed for the challenges they face. Major Issues While management was focused on getting the job done the external environment changed. New competitors and higher quality machines were changing the manufacturing industry and the company lacks a strategy to change with it. Each of Covington’s managers has a different vision of the company’s future making consensus and decision-making a major issue. The lines of authority and responsibility are blurry, causing conflict between managers and department directors. The latest manager’s meeting can be described as chaos. An additional issue facing the management team is the replacement of the workforce being lost to attrition. The loyal, hard-working employees have set a high standard for future members of the Covington team and the younger generation has not yet established themselves as a similar strength workforce. Problem Analysis In the past two decades Covington has been successful operating without a clearly defined organizational purpose. While this organizational design was not a problem in the past, it is now a threat to the company. The latest quarterly earnings illustrate that the once stable Covington is not